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- $Unique_ID{BRK03475}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Antisocial Personality Disorder}
- $Subject{Antisocial Personality Disorder ASP Substance Use Disorders Attention
- Deficit Disorder}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 672:
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
-
- ** IMPORTANT
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Antisocial Personality
- Disorder) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- ASP
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Substance Use Disorders
- Attention Deficit Disorder
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Antisocial Personality Disorder is a mental illness which usually
- manifests itself before the age of fifteen. Major symptoms may include
- antisocial behavior in which there is little concern for the rights of
- others. Excessive drinking, fighting and irresponsibility may also occur.
-
- Symptoms
-
- ASP Disorder may be characterized in early childhood by behavior such as:
- lying, stealing, fighting, truancy, and resisting authority. In adolescence,
- there may be excessive drinking, use of illicit drugs and, aggressive sexual
- behavior. The behavior difficulties usually last into late adult life with
- markedly impaired capacity to sustain lasting, close, warm, and responsible
- relationships with family, friends, or sexual partners. The disorder may
- result in failure to become an independent, self-supporting adult. In many
- cases disrespect for authority leads to problems with the law.
-
- The following are the diagnostic criteria for ASP Disorder:
-
- Onset before age 15 is indicated by a history of three or more of the
- following before that age:
-
- A) Truancy at least five days per year for at least two years
- B) Expulsion or suspension from school for misbehavior
- C) Delinquency, arrested or referred to juvenile court because of bad
- behavior
- D) Running away from home overnight at least twice while living in
- parental home
- E) Persistent lying
- F) Repeated sexual intercourse in casual relationships
- G) Repeated drunkenness or substance abuse
- H) Thefts
- I) Vandalism
- J) School grades way below expectations as indicated by IQ score
- K) Chronic violations of rules at home or school
- L) Initiation of fights
-
- At least four of the following manifestations of the disorder since age
- 18:
-
- A) Inability to hold a job
- B) Lack of responsible parenting
- C) Failure to abide by laws
- D) Inability to maintain enduring sexual attachment
- E) Irritability and aggressive behavior (including spouse or child
- beating)
- F) Failure to honor financial obligations
- G) Failure to plan ahead, or lack of a fixed address for a month or more
- H) Disregard for the truth, or "conning" others for personal profit
- I) Recklessness, as indicated by driving while drunk or recurrent speeding
-
- A pattern of continuous antisocial behavior in which the rights of others
- are violated, is characteristic of this disorder. If a person can live for a
- period of at least five years without antisocial behavior after the age of 15
- the diagnosis of ASP is no longer valid.
-
- The antisocial behavior of ASP must not be related to either Severe Mental
- Retardation, Schizophrenia or manic episodes.
-
- Causes
-
- The cause of ASP Disorder is unknown. It may be caused by the absence of
- parental discipline in the home, extreme poverty, removal from the home, and
- growing up without parental figures of both sexes. Lack of educational
- achievement and the use of drugs may also be contributing causes of ASP
- Disorder. There may be predisposing factors to ASP such as: Attention
- Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Conduct Disorder during the years before puberty.
-
- Affected Population
-
- ASP Disorder affects approximately 3% of American males and 1% of American
- females. Males are also affected at a much earlier age than females; usually
- during the early childhood years.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Antisocial
- Personality Disorder. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) usually starts before age
- 4, but may not be diagnosed until the child enters school. This disorder is
- characterized by a very short attention span, impulsiveness, and
- hyperactivity. Symptoms usually occur to varying degrees depending on
- environmental factors. Symptoms typically get worse in situations requiring
- sustained attention, such as listening to a teacher in a classroom, attending
- meetings, or doing class assignments or chores at home. Signs of the
- disorder may be minimal or absent when a person with the disorder is
- receiving frequent reinforcement, in a very structured setting or in a one-
- to-one situation where there are no distractions. Often, symptoms improve
- with maturity, and adults with ADHD learn how to compensate for their
- handicap. (For more information on this disorder, choose "ADHD" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Substance Abuse refers to the maladaptive behavior associated with
- regular use of a substance that can modify mood or behavior. The continued
- use of the substance (such as alcohol or drugs) when the user knows that the
- substance is causing addiction, causes social, occupational, psychological,
- or physical problems. The symptoms of addiction must persist for at least
- one month, or occur repeatedly over a longer period of time in order to be
- diagnosed as a Substance Abuse Disorder.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of ASP Disorder is psychological counselling. In the more serious
- cases psychiatric hospitalization and drug therapy may be necessary. Other
- treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Antisocial Personality Disorder, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Mental Health Association
- 1021 Prince Street
- Alexandria, VA 22314
-
- National Alliance for the Mentally Ill
- 1901 N. Fort Meyer Dr., Suite 500
- Arlington, VA 22209
- (703) 524-7600
-
- National Mental Health Consumer Self-Help Clearinghouse
- 311 S. Juniper St., Rm. 902
- Philadelphia, PA 19107
- (215) 735-2481
-
- NIH/National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20205
- (301) 443-4515 or (301) 496-1752
- (800) 421-4211 (24 hrs.)
-
- References
-
- DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, (DSM III-R) 3d.: R.L.
- Spitzer, et al., eds; American Psychiatric Association, 1984. Pp. 342-346,
- 165-185.
-
- GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ANTISOCIAL
- PERSONALITY. R.J. Cadoret, et al,; J Stud Alcohol (January, 1987, issue 48
- (1)). Pp. 1-8.
-
- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTENTION PROBLEMS IN CHILDHOOD AND ANTISOCIAL
- BEHAVIOR EIGHT YEARS LATER. J.L. Wallander, J Child Psychol Psychiatry
- (January, 1988, issue 29 (1)). Pp. 53-61.
-
- PARENTAL BEHAVIOR IN THE CYCLE OF AGGRESSION, J. McCord, Psychiatry
- (February, 1988, issue 51 (1)). Pp. 14-23.
-
-